---
slug: circularity-data-sheet
type: concept
summary: "A standardized, machine-readable set of product-level circularity statements, formalized by ISO 59040:2025, that lets supply chains exchange how a product is made, maintained, and recovered."
created: 2026-06-18
updated: 2026-06-20
related:
  construction-product-passport:
    relation: complements
    note: "A digital product passport carries regulatory product evidence, while a circularity data sheet carries the standardized circularity statements that can feed it."
  material-passport:
    relation: upstream-of
    note: "Circularity data sheets give a project the product-level recovery and composition statements that an installed-material passport can record and locate."
  material-passport-schema:
    relation: complements
    note: "A schema decides how passport fields are structured, while a circularity data sheet supplies a standardized product-level format the schema can map and ingest."
  bim-material-tracking:
    relation: complements
    note: "BIM-linked tracking connects circularity-sheet statements to installed location, quantity, and building-layer context."
  building-circularity-metrics:
    relation: informs
    note: "Product-level circularity statements feed the data that building-level circularity metrics aggregate, without themselves being a building score."
  revised-cpr-2026:
    relation: complements
    note: "The revised Construction Products Regulation's digital product passport and a circularity data sheet cover overlapping product-data territory and have to be mapped, not conflated."
  greenwashed-material-claim:
    relation: mitigates
    note: "A standardized, statement-level circularity format makes vague recyclability and circularity claims harder to assert without evidence."
---

# Product Circularity Data Sheet (PCDS)

> **Concept**
>
> Vocabulary that names a phenomenon.

*A Product Circularity Data Sheet is a standardized, machine-readable set of product-level statements about how a product is designed, made, maintained, recovered, and circulated.*

*Also known as: PCDS; ISO 59040 Data Sheet; Product Circularity Data Set.*

A circularity data sheet is a fixed-format answer to a question buyers keep asking and sellers keep answering differently: what, exactly, makes this product circular? Instead of a brochure adjective, it gives the buyer a set of verifiable statements: whether the product can be disassembled, what recycled content it contains, whether it can be returned, and what evidence supports each claim. The point is comparability. A procurement system, a passport platform, and the next product's sheet can read the same type of claim without translating marketing language by hand.

> **📝 Scope**
>
> This entry describes an information standard and the phenomenon it names. It isn't product-compliance, certification, procurement, or legal advice. A qualified professional must decide what circularity evidence a specific product, market, or project requires.

## What It Is

A Product Circularity Data Sheet is a standardized set of declared statements about a single product's circularity properties. ISO 59040:2025 turns it from a vendor template into a formal information-exchange method: a published structure for the statements, the way they are declared, and the way a recipient checks them. The lineage runs through Luxembourg's Circularity Dataset Initiative, the Mulhall and colleagues work at TU Delft that proposed the PCDS as a "standardized digital fingerprint," and the ISO/TC 323 circular-economy committee that published the standard.

The unit is the product, not the building. A PCDS describes a façade panel, an insulation board, a carpet tile, a structural connector, or a recycled-aggregate product. It records that product's recycled and reused content, the substances it carries, whether and how it can be disassembled, repaired, returned, or recycled, and what evidence backs each claim. It is deliberately a *statement* format: the sheet records what the manufacturer declares and on what basis, rather than computing a single circularity score.

Scale and purpose set its boundaries against the records around it. A [Digital Product Passport (DPP) for Construction Products](construction-product-passport.md) is the EU's regulatory product record (identity, performance, conformity, recovery evidence), and a PCDS is a standardized way to express the circularity portion of that data. A [Material Passport](material-passport.md) records *installed* material: location, quantity, condition, and recovery route for a component in a specific building. A PCDS sits earlier and one level up: it's product-level circularity data the manufacturer can publish once, which a project then attaches to the components it installs.

## Why It Matters

Circularity claims travel badly. A manufacturer that has genuinely designed a panel for disassembly, sourced recycled content, and set up a take-back route still has to communicate all of that to specifiers, contractors, certifiers, and recovery teams who each ask for it in their own format. The answer arrives as a sustainability brochure, an environmental product declaration, a spec sheet, and an email thread, none of them comparable with the next product's.

The cost shows up at both ends of a building's life. At procurement, a designer comparing two products on circularity has no common structure for the comparison, so the louder marketing claim wins. At recovery, a deconstruction team or reuse marketplace inherits products whose circularity properties were asserted but never recorded in a form anyone can act on. A standardized data sheet gives manufacturers one place to declare circularity statements and gives everyone downstream one structure to read. It also feeds the records that need product-level truth: a material passport can cite it, a [material-passport schema](material-passport-schema.md) can map it, and [building circularity metrics](building-circularity-metrics.md) can aggregate from it. The sheet is a product-level input to those building-level views, not a substitute for them.

## How to Recognize It

Look for *statements*, not a score. A PCDS lists discrete, structured circularity properties (recycled content, reused content, hazardous substances, disassemblability, reparability, recyclability, take-back terms), each declared with the basis for the claim and, where the standard requires, third-party verification. The format is fixed and machine-readable, so two products' sheets can be set side by side without reinterpretation.

It is product-level and manufacturer-issued, which distinguishes it from project records. If the document describes installed location, condition, or quantity in a specific building, that is a material passport, not a PCDS. If it is the EU regulatory evidence record with conformity and market-surveillance fields, that is a DPP. A circularity data sheet is standardized circularity content that can feed either record.

> **⚠️ Warning**
>
> Don't read a PCDS as a circularity guarantee. It standardizes how circularity statements are declared and checked; it does not certify that a product is circular, and a declared statement is only as good as the evidence and verification behind it.

## How It Plays Out

A flooring manufacturer publishes a PCDS for a carpet-tile line. The sheet declares recycled content by mass, the take-back program and its geographic scope, the absence of named restricted substances, and the disassembly method for separating backing from face fiber at end of use. A specifier comparing it against a competing product reads the same fields in the same order, rather than weighing one glossy claim against another. The comparison is now on declared statements with stated evidence, not on adjectives.

A construction-product manufacturer already maintains an EU digital product passport for regulatory conformity. The PCDS doesn't replace it; it supplies circularity statements in a standardized form, so the recycled-content, detachability, and take-back data referenced by the DPP can use the same structure a buyer outside the EU regime would read. The two records overlap and have to be mapped, a job for the [material-passport schema](material-passport-schema.md) and BIM-linked workflows, but the PCDS gives the circularity portion a stable shape that survives the handoff.

A demolition contractor preparing a strip-out finds that several products still carry their circularity data sheets through the project's records. The sheets tell the team which products were designed for separation, which carry take-back terms still worth invoking, and which contain substances that change the recovery route. Where a product's circularity was only ever a brochure claim, the team starts from photographs and guesswork instead. The standardized sheet is the difference between recoverable evidence and a marketing memory.

## Consequences

**Benefits:** A PCDS gives product circularity a comparable, machine-readable shape, so procurement can weigh products on statements rather than slogans and recovery teams inherit evidence instead of assertions. As a standardized format it lowers the translation cost between manufacturers, passport platforms, certification tools, and reuse marketplaces. It also makes a bare circularity claim harder to assert without a basis, a check against the [greenwashed material claim](greenwashed-material-claim.md).

**Liabilities:** A standardized statement format is not a verified circularity score; a sheet can be complete and still describe a product that recovers badly in practice, and self-declared statements carry only the assurance their evidence and verification supply. It adds data-governance work for manufacturers, and its value depends on adoption: a single product's sheet is only as useful as the supply chain's willingness to issue, read, and map the format. Where DPPs, EPDs, material passports, and circularity data sheets use incompatible identifiers, the product-data picture fragments again rather than converging.

## Sources

- ISO's [ISO 59040:2025 standard page](https://www.iso.org/standard/82339.html), which publishes the Product Circularity Data Sheet as a circular-economy information-exchange method.
- The Mulhall, Hansen, Cramer, Wautelet, Wijnants, Henrotay, and colleagues record, ["The Product Circularity Data Sheet: A Standardized Digital Fingerprint for Circular Economy Data about Products"](https://research.tudelft.nl/en/publications/the-product-circularity-data-sheet-a-standardized-digital-fingerp/), traces the PCDS concept from Luxembourg's Circularity Dataset Initiative.
- The European Circular Economy Stakeholder Platform's [Product Circularity Data Sheet / ISO 59040 practice note](https://circulareconomy.europa.eu/platform/en/good-practices/product-circularity-data-sheet-pcds-iso-59040) describes the PCDS as a cross-sector circularity-data standard.
- Madaster's [guide to product circularity in line with the PCDS and CPR](https://madaster.com/inspiration/guide-to-product-circularity-in-line-with-the-pcds-and-cpr/) interprets the PCDS in construction-product terms alongside the revised Construction Products Regulation.

---

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